Independent research

Understand Bitcoin
from first principles.

Clear, evergreen research focused on Bitcoin's monetary design, issuance schedule and market structure.

01

Why Bitcoin stops at 21 million

The mechanics behind Bitcoin's fixed maximum supply.

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02

How Bitcoin halvings work

Why the block subsidy declines and what that means for issuance.

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03

Understanding Bitcoin market data

Price, market cap, volume and the limits of common market metrics.

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